From 1858 to 1862 he worked as " interne des h�pitaux " in Lyon, afterwards supporting his doctorate in Paris ( 1863 ) with a dissertation on spontaneous arterio-venous aneurysms of the aorta and superior vena cava, " " De l'an�urysme art�rio-veineux spontan?de l'aorte et de la veine cave sup�rieure " ".